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History of France --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1400-1499 --- Agriculture --- Agricultural productivity --- Economic aspects --- History. --- History --- Aspect économique --- Histoire --- Productivité --- France --- Economic conditions. --- Rural conditions. --- Conditions économiques --- Conditions rurales --- Rural conditions --- Economic conditions --- -Agriculture --- -Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Productivity, Agricultural --- Farm management --- -History --- Aspect économique --- Productivité --- Conditions économiques --- Farming --- Economic aspects&delete& --- Agriculture - Economic aspects - France - History --- Agricultural productivity - France - History --- France - Rural conditions --- France - Economic conditions
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Christian church history --- anno 1500-1799 --- Lyon --- Counter-Reformation --- Catholic Church --- Clergy --- History --- Anti-Reformation --- Church history --- Church renewal --- Reformation --- -Catholic Church. Archdiocese of Lyon (France) --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- -History --- Counter-Reformation. --- Catholic Church. --- Lyons (Archdiocese) --- Lyon (France : Archdiocese : Catholic Church) --- History. --- Lyon (Diocèse de). Histoire. 1500-1789. --- Lyon (Bisdom). Geschiedenis. 1500-1789. --- Lyon (france, diocese) --- Histoire --- 16e-18e siecles
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Between 1492 and 1914, Europeans conquered 84 percent of the globe. But why did Europe establish global dominance, when for centuries the Chinese, Japanese, Ottomans, and South Asians were far more advanced? In Why Did Europe Conquer the World?, Philip Hoffman demonstrates that conventional explanations-such as geography, epidemic disease, and the Industrial Revolution-fail to provide answers. Arguing instead for the pivotal role of economic and political history, Hoffman shows that if certain variables had been different, Europe would have been eclipsed, and another power could have become master of the world. Hoffman sheds light on the two millennia of economic, political, and historical changes that set European states on a distinctive path of development, military rivalry, and war. This resulted in astonishingly rapid growth in Europe's military sector, and produced an insurmountable lead in gunpowder technology. The consequences determined which states established colonial empires or ran the slave trade, and even which economies were the first to industrialize. Debunking traditional arguments, Why Did Europe Conquer the World? reveals the startling reasons behind Europe's historic global supremacy.
Balance of power --- Technology and state --- History --- Europe --- Foreign relations --- Military policy --- Politique militaire --- State and technology --- Endowment of research --- Power, Balance of --- Power politics --- Political realism --- Balance of power. --- Technology --- History. --- Government policy --- Council of Europe countries --- World history --- anno 1200-1799 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Equilibre des puissances --- Politique scientifique et technique --- Histoire --- Military policy. --- Relations extérieures --- Science and state --- International relations --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Technology and state - Europe - History --- Europe - Foreign relations - History --- Europe - Military policy
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Philip Hoffman shatters the widespread myth that traditional agricultural societies in early modern Europe were socially and economically stagnant and ultimately dependent on wide-scale political revolution for their growth. Through a richly detailed historical investigation of the peasant agriculture of ancien-régime France, the author uncovers evidence that requires a new understanding of what constituted economic growth in such societies. His arguments rest on a measurement of long-term growth that enables him to analyze the economic, institutional, and political factors that explain its forms and rhythms. In comparing France with England and Germany, Hoffman arrives at fresh answers to some classic questions: Did French agriculture lag behind farming in other countries? If so, did the obstacles in French agriculture lurk within peasant society itself, in the peasants' culture, in their communal property rights, or in the small scale of their farms? Or did the obstacles hide elsewhere, in politics, in the tax system, or in meager opportunities for trade? The author discovers that growth cannot be explained by culture, property rights, or farm size, and argues that the real causes of growth derived from politics and gains from trade. By challenging other widely held beliefs, such as the nature of the commons and the workings of the rural economy, Hoffman offers a new analysis of peasant society and culture, one based on microeconomics and game theory and intended for a wide range of social scientists.
Agricultural productivity --- Agriculture --- History. --- Economic aspects --- France --- Rural conditions. --- Economic conditions.
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History of Europe --- anno 1500-1799 --- anno 1400-1499 --- Finance, Public --- Liberty. --- Representative government and representation --- History.
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Private finance --- History of France --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1800-1899 --- anno 1700-1799 --- Commercial credit --- Commercial loans --- History. --- France --- Paris (France) --- Economic conditions.
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